|
The Academy Award for Best Directing, usually known as the Best Director Oscar, is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of a film director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards were held in 1929 with the award being split into Dramatic and Comedy categories; Frank Borzage and Lewis Milestone won for ''Seventh Heaven'' and ''Two Arabian Knights'', respectively. However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year. However, after the nomination of Michael Curtiz for two films, ''Angels with Dirty Faces'' and ''Four Daughters'', at the 11th Academy Awards, the rules were revised so that an individual could only be nominated for one film at each ceremony. The Academy Awards for Best Directing and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 87 films that have been awarded Best Picture, 63 have also been awarded Best Directing.〔() 〕 == History == Throughout the past 87 years, AMPAS has presented a total of 89 Best Directing awards to 67 different directors. At the 1st Academy Awards (1927/1928), there were two directing awards—one for "Dramatic Direction" and one for "Comedy Direction". The Comedy Direction award was eliminated the next year and, indeed, the awards have overwhelmingly favored dramatic films ever since. At both the 34th Academy Awards (1961) and the 80th Academy Awards (2007), Best Directing was presented to a co-directing team, rather than to an individual director. The earliest years of the award were marked by inconsistency and confusion. In the Academy Awards' first year, actors and others such as cinematographers were nominated for all of their films produced during the qualifying period. However, since the directing award was for "directing" rather than "best director", it honored the director in association with only a single film—thus Janet Gaynor has two Frank Borzage films listed after her Best Actress nomination, but only one of them earned Borzage a directing nomination. The second year, the directing award followed the others in listing all of a director's work during the qualifying period, resulting in Frank Lloyd being nominated for three of his films—but, even more confusingly, only one of them was listed on the final award as the film for which he won. Finally, for the 1931 awards, this confusing system was replaced by the current system in which a director is nominated for a single film. The Academy Awards for Best Directing and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 87 films that have been awarded Best Picture, 63 have also been awarded Best Directing.〔 Only four films have won Best Picture without their directors being nominated: ''Wings'' (1927/28), ''Grand Hotel'' (1931/32), ''Driving Miss Daisy'' (1989), and ''Argo'' (2012). The only two Best Directing winners to win for films which did not receive a Best Picture nomination are notably during the early years; Lewis Milestone for ''Two Arabian Knights'' (1927/28) and Frank Lloyd for ''The Divine Lady'' (1928/29). Only four women have ever been nominated for Best Directing: Lina Wertmüller for ''Seven Beauties'' (1976), Jane Campion for ''The Piano'' (1993), Sofia Coppola for ''Lost in Translation'' (2003), and Kathryn Bigelow for ''The Hurt Locker'' (2009). Bigelow was the first, and to date the only, female director to win the Academy Award for Best Directing. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Academy Award for Best Directing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|